Objective: To review the application and research progress of dexamethasone in the perioperative period of joint arthroplasty and arthroscopic surgery.
Methods: The relevant domestic and foreign literature in recent years was extensively reviewed. The application status and therapeutic effect of dexamethasone in the perioperative period of joint arthroplasty and arthroscopic surgery were summarized.
Results: Studies have shown that intravenous administration of 10-24 mg dexamethasone before or/and within 24-48 hours after operation can reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting, and reduce the consumption of opioids in patients after hip and knee arthroplasties with high safety. The duration of nerve block during arthroscopic surgery can be prolonged by perineural injecting local anesthetics and 4-8 mg dexamethasone, but the effect of postoperative analgesia is still controversial.
Conclusion: Dexamethasone is widely used in joint and sports medicine. It has the effects of analgesia, antiemetic, and prolonging the time of nerve block. In the future, high-quality clinical studies on the application of dexamethasone in shoulder, elbow, and ankle arthroplasties and arthroscopic surgery are needed, and more attention should be paid to the long-term safety of dexamethasone.
目的: 综述地塞米松在关节置换术与关节镜手术围术期中的应用及研究进展。.
方法: 广泛查阅国内外相关文献，系统阐述地塞米松在关节置换术与关节镜手术围术期中的应用现状和治疗效果。.
结果: 研究表明术前或/和术后24～48 h静脉注射10～24 mg地塞米松可降低髋、膝关节置换术后患者恶心呕吐发生率和阿片类药物用量，安全性高。关节镜手术中，于神经周围联合注射局部麻醉药物及4～8 mg地塞米松，可延长神经阻滞持续时间，但术后镇痛效果尚有争议。.
结论: 地塞米松在关节与运动医学领域应用广泛，具有镇痛、止吐、延长神经阻滞时间等作用。未来需加强其在肩、肘、踝关节置换术及关节镜手术中应用的高质量临床研究，并重点关注地塞米松长期安全性。.
Keywords: Dexamethasone; arthroscopic surgery; joint arthroplasty; perioperative period.