A time fractional model of a Maxwell nanofluid through a channel flow with applications in grease

Naveed Khan; Farhad Ali; Zubair Ahmad; Saqib Murtaza; Abdul Hamid Ganie; Ilyas Khan; Sayed M Eldin

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-31567-y

A time fractional model of a Maxwell nanofluid through a channel flow with applications in grease

Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 17;13(1):4428. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31567-y.

Authors

Naveed Khan¹, Farhad Ali², Zubair Ahmad¹, Saqib Murtaza¹, Abdul Hamid Ganie³, Ilyas Khan⁴, Sayed M Eldin⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mathematics, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
² Department of Mathematics, City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. farhadali@cusit.edu.pk.
³ Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Abha Male, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.

Abstract

Several scientists are interested in recent developments in nanotechnology and nanoscience. Grease is an essential component of many machines and engines because it helps keep them cool by reducing friction between their various elements. In sealed life applications including centralized lubrication systems, electrical motors, bearings, logging and mining machinery, truck wheel hubs, construction, landscaping, and gearboxes, greases are also utilized. Nanoparticles are added to convectional grease to improve its cooling and lubricating properties. More specifically, the current study goal is to investigate open channel flow while taking grease into account as a Maxwell fluid with MoS₂ nanoparticles suspended in it. The Caputo-Fabrizio time-fractional derivative is used to convert the issue from a linked classical order PDE to a local fractional model. To determine the precise solutions for the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions, two integral transform techniques the finite Fourier sine and the Laplace transform technique are jointly utilized. The resultant answers are physically explored and displayed using various graphs. It is important to note that the fractional model, which offers a variety of integral curves, more accurately depicts the flow behavior than the classical model. Skin friction, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number are engineering-related numbers that are quantitatively determined and displayed in tabular form. It is determined that adding MoS₂ nanoparticles to grease causes a 19.1146% increase in heat transmission and a 2.5122% decrease in mass transfer. The results obtained in this work are compared with published literature for the accuracy purpose.