Preoperative anxiety level is not associated with postoperative negative behavioral changes in premedicated children

Abstract

Background: Anesthesia preinduction anxiety in children can according to some studies lead to long-term anxiety and negative behavioral changes (NBC), while other studies have not found this effect. This secondary analysis from a recent premedication trial comparing clonidine and midazolam aimed to test the relation between preoperative anxiety assessed with modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) and postoperative NBCs assessed with Post Hospital Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ), regardless of premedication type.

Methods: This is a planned secondary analysis from a published premedication comparison trial in an outpatient surgery cohort, children aged 2-7 years. Participant and preoperative factors, particularly preoperative anxiety as mYPAS scores, were assessed for association with development of postoperative NBCs.

Results: Fifty-four of the 115 participants had high preinduction anxiety (mYPAS >30), and 19 of 115 developed >3 postoperative NBCs 1 week after surgery. There was no association between preinduction anxiety level as mYPAS scores and the development of postoperative NBCs at 1 week after surgery (10 of 19 had both, p = .62) nor after 4- or 26-weeks post-surgery. Only lower age was associated with development of NBCs postoperatively.

Conclusions: Based on the findings from this cohort, high preinduction anxiety does not appear to be associated with NBCs postoperatively in children premedicated with clonidine or midazolam.

Keywords: children; postoperative negative behavioral changes; postoperative recovery; preoperative anxiety.