In recent years, sexual assault cases have been on the rise, seriously infringing the legitimate rights and interests of women and children, causing widespread concern in society. DNA evidence has become the key evidence to prove the facts in sexual assault cases, but lack of DNA evidence or only DNA evidence in some sexual assault cases leads to unclear facts and insufficient evidence. With the emergence of high-throughput sequencing technology and the development of bioinformatics and artificial intelligence, new progress has been made in the study of human microbiome. Researchers have begun to use human microbiome for difficult sexual assault cases indentification. This paper reviews the characteristics of human microbiome, and its application value in the inferences of the body fluid stain origin, the sexual assault method, the crime time, etc. In addition, the challenges faced by the application of the human microbiome in practical case handling, the solutions and future development potential are analyzed and prospected.
近年来，性侵害案件呈持续高发态势，严重侵害了妇女儿童的合法权益，引起社会的广泛关注。DNA证据已成为性侵害案件中证明案件事实的关键证据，但部分性侵害案件可能缺乏DNA证据或仅有DNA证据，导致案件审理事实不清、证据不足。随着高通量测序技术的出现以及生物信息学、人工智能的发展，微生物组学的研究也取得了新进展，研究人员开始尝试将人体微生物组用于疑难性侵害案件的检验鉴定中。本文综述了人体微生物组的特点以及人体微生物组在体液斑迹来源推断、性侵害方式推定、案发时间推断等方面的应用价值，并对人体微生物组应用于实际办案所面临的挑战、解决方法及未来发展潜力进行分析与展望。.
Keywords: body fluid; forensic medicine; microbial genomics; microbiology; review; sexual assault.