In forensic physical evidence identification, the accurate identification of the individual origin and their body fluid composition of the biological samples obtained from the crime scene play a critical role in determining the nature of a crime. In recent years, RNA profiling has become one of the fastest developing methods for body fluids identification. Due to the characteristics of tissue or body fluid specific expression, various types of RNA markers have been proven to be promising candidate markers for body fluids identification in previous studies. This review summarizes the research progress of RNA markers in body fluids identification, including the RNA markers that have been effectively verified in current research and their advantages and disadvantages. Meanwhile, this review prospects the application of RNA markers in forensic medicine.
在法医物证鉴定中，准确识别犯罪现场获取的生物样本来源个体及其体液构成对于犯罪性质的明确具有十分关键的作用。近年来，RNA表达分析已成为国际法医学领域发展最快的体液斑鉴定方法之一。由于具有组织或体液特异性表达的特征，多种类型的RNA在既往研究中被证明为非常具有应用前景的体液斑鉴定候选分子标记。本文简要综述了近年来RNA分子标记在体液斑鉴定领域的研究进展，包括目前研究中已得到有效验证的RNA分子标记及其优缺点，并对RNA分子标记在法医学领域的应用前景进行了展望。.
Keywords: body fluid; capillary electrophoresis; forensic genetics; high-throughput sequencing; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); review; ribonucleic acid (RNA).