Development of Yttrium-Doped BaTiO3 for Next-Generation Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

Mohammed Tihtih; Jamal Eldin F M Ibrahim; Mohamed A Basyooni; Redouane En-Nadir; Walid Belaid; Irina Hussainova; István Kocserha

doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c07497

Development of Yttrium-Doped BaTiO₃ for Next-Generation Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

ACS Omega. 2023 Feb 22;8(9):8448-8460. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07497. eCollection 2023 Mar 7.

Authors

Mohammed Tihtih¹, Jamal Eldin F M Ibrahim¹, Mohamed A Basyooni^{2

3

4}, Redouane En-Nadir⁵, Walid Belaid⁶, Irina Hussainova⁷, István Kocserha¹

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Ceramic and Polymer Engineering, University of Miskolc, Egyetemvaros, Miskolc H-3515, Hungary.
² Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Applied and Natural Science, Selçuk University, Konya 42030, Turkey.
³ Science and Technology Research and Application Center (BITAM), Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkey.
⁴ Space Research Laboratory, Solar and Space Research Department, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Cairo 11421, Egypt.
⁵ LPS, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, BP 1796, Fez 30000, Morocco.
⁶ Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey.
⁷ Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.

Abstract

The use of electronic devices that incorporate multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) is on the rise, requiring materials with good electrical properties and a narrow band gap. This study synthesized yttrium-substituted barium titanate (Ba_1-x Y _x TiO₃, BYT) using a sol-gel process at 950 °C with varying concentrations of yttrium (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the tetragonal phase became less pronounced as the yttrium content increased. The samples had varying grain sizes and porosity, with the BY30%T sample having the narrowest band gap at 2.21 eV. The BYT ceramic with 30% yttrium had a thermal conductivity of up to 7 W/m K and an electrical conductivity down to 0.002 (Ω cm)^-1 at 180 °C. The current-voltage characteristics of the BYT MLCC were also studied, showing potential use in next-generation high-capacity MLCCs. This work presents BYT as a promising material for these types of capacitors.