Dairy product consumption was associated with a lower likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wei Dai; Huiyuan Liu; Tingjing Zhang; Qing Chang; Yuhong Zhao; Chuanji Guo; Yang Xia

doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1119118

Dairy product consumption was associated with a lower likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Front Nutr. 2023 Feb 22:10:1119118. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1119118. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Wei Dai^{1

2}, Huiyuan Liu^{1

2}, Tingjing Zhang³, Qing Chang^{1

2}, Yuhong Zhao^{1

2}, Chuanji Guo^{1

2}, Yang Xia^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
² Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China.
³ School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.

Abstract

Background and aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. Several epidemiological studies attempted to assess the association between dairy product and the likelihood of NAFLD, but the contribution of dairy consumption to NAFLD remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between dairy product consumption and NAFLD.

Methods: We conducted a literature search using the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, we conducted a thorough search of the literature published before January 5, 2023. Combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of NAFLD in relation to dairy product intake were estimated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed according to the study design, region, sex, body mass index (BMI), type of exposure, NAFLD diagnostic criteria, and exposure assessment tools.

Results: We initially identified 4,634 relevant studies, of which 25 complied with the inclusion criteria, including seven cross-sectional studies, six case-control studies and one cohort study. A total of 51,476 participants (14,546 patients with NAFLD) were included in the meta-analysis. There was an inverse association between dairy product consumption and NAFLD (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94-0.99). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that lower likelihood of NAFLD was associated with dairy product consumption in subgroups of Asian populations, women, patients diagnosed using NAFLD-related scores, patients with a BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m², dairy intake assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, milk consumption, and yogurt consumption. No noteworthy connection was observed in the other subgroups.

Conclusion: Our meta-analysis findings revealed that dairy product consumption is inversely associated with NAFLD. Consumption of dairy products could help prevent the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Keywords: dairy; meta-analysis; milk; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; systematic review.