Racial differences in the associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with depression risk

Jilei Lin; Siying Cheng; Jing Zhang; Liebin Zhao; Shuhua Yuan; Lei Zhang; Yong Yin

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.115670

Racial differences in the associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with depression risk

Environ Res. 2023 Jun 1:226:115670. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115670. Epub 2023 Mar 11.

Authors

Jilei Lin¹, Siying Cheng², Jing Zhang¹, Liebin Zhao³, Shuhua Yuan¹, Lei Zhang¹, Yong Yin⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
² Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
³ Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligence Pediatrics (SERCIP), Shanghai, China.
⁴ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligence Pediatrics (SERCIP), Shanghai, China; Pediatric AI Clinical Application and Research Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: yinyong9999@163.com.

PMID: 36907347
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115670

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the composite effects of different kinds of phthalates on depression risk in the U.S population.

Methods: 11731 participants were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a national cross-sectional survey. Twelve urinary phthalate metabolites were used to evaluate the level of phthalates exposure. Phthalates levels were devided into four quartiles. High phthalate was defined as having values in the highest quartile.

Results: Urinary mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) were estimated as the independent risk factors for depression by mutivariate logistic regression analyses. Compared with the lowest quartile group of MiBP or MBzP, an incrementally higher risk of depression and moderate/severe depression was observed in the highest quartile (all P_trend <0.05). It was observed that incrementally higher risk of depression and moderate/severe depression were associated with more numbers of high phthalates parameter (P_trend <0.001 and P_trend = 0.003, respectively). A significant interaction between race (Non-Hispanic Black vs. Mexican American) and 2 parameters (having value in the highest quartile of both MiBP and MBzP) was detected for depression (P_interaction = 0.023) and moderate/severe depression (P_interaction = 0.029).

Conclusion: Individuals with more numbers of high phthalates parameter were at higher risk of depression and moderate/severe depression. Non-Hispanic Black participants were more likely to be affected by high levels of MiBP and MBzP exposure than Mexican American participants.

Keywords: Depression; National health and nutrition examination survey; Phthalates; Race.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cross-Sectional Studies
Depression / chemically induced
Depression / epidemiology
Environmental Exposure / adverse effects
Environmental Pollutants* / toxicity
Environmental Pollutants* / urine
Humans
Nutrition Surveys
Phthalic Acids* / urine
Race Factors

Substances

phthalic acid
mono-benzyl phthalate
mono-isobutyl phthalate
Phthalic Acids
Environmental Pollutants