Detection of walnut oil adulterated with high-linoleic acid vegetable oils using triacylglycerol pseudotargeted method based on SFC-QTOF-MS

Jing-Jing Zhang; Yan Gao; Mei-Ling Zhao; Xiao Xu; Bo-Nan Xi; Li-Ke Lin; Jing-Yi Zheng; Bang Chen; Yu Shu; Cong Li; Yehua Shen

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135837

Detection of walnut oil adulterated with high-linoleic acid vegetable oils using triacylglycerol pseudotargeted method based on SFC-QTOF-MS

Food Chem. 2023 Aug 1:416:135837. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135837. Epub 2023 Mar 7.

Authors

Jing-Jing Zhang¹, Yan Gao², Mei-Ling Zhao², Xiao Xu², Bo-Nan Xi², Li-Ke Lin², Jing-Yi Zheng², Bang Chen², Yu Shu³, Cong Li⁴, Yehua Shen⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China. Electronic address: zhangjingjing@nwu.edu.cn.
² Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
³ College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
⁴ Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China. Electronic address: licong@nwu.edu.cn.
⁵ Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China. Electronic address: yhshen@nwu.edu.cn.

PMID: 36905710
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135837

Abstract

Authentication of walnut oil (WO) is challenging due to the adulteration of high-linoleic acid vegetable oils (HLOs) with similar fatty acid composition. To allow the discrimination of WO adulteration, a rapid, sensitive and stable scanning method based on supercritical fluid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SFC-QTOF-MS) was established to profile 59 potential triacylglycerol (TAGs) in HLOs samples within 10 min. Limit of quantitation of the proposed method is 0.002 µg mL^-1 and the relative standard deviations range from 0.7% to 12.0%. TAGs profiles of WO samples from various varieties, geography origins, ripeness, and processing methods were used to construct orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and OPLS models that were highly accurate in both qualitative and quantitative prediction at adulteration levels as low as 5% (w/w). This study advances the TAGs analysis to characterize vegetable oils and holds promise as an efficient method for oil authentication.

Keywords: Adulteration; Chemometrics; Pseudotargeted; Triacylglycerols (TAGs); Walnut oil.

MeSH terms

Food Contamination / analysis
Juglans*
Linoleic Acid / analysis
Plant Oils* / chemistry
Triglycerides / chemistry

Substances

Plant Oils
Linoleic Acid
Triglycerides