Indenone azines, in which the exocyclic C=C bond in dibenzopentafulvalene is replaced by an azine moiety (C=N-N=C), have been synthesized as novel electron-accepting π-conjugated scaffolds. Structural modulation at the 7,7'-positions of indenone azines enabled stereoselective syntheses of diastereomers in which the configurations of the two C=N bonds are E,E or Z,Z. X-ray crystallographic analyses revealed that all the indenone azines exhibit high coplanarity in contrast to the twisted frameworks of dibenzopentafulvalene derivatives, resulting in the formation of densely π-stacked structures. Electrochemical measurements and quantum chemical calculations revealed the electron-accepting character of indenone azines comparable to isoindigo dyes. In particular, the intramolecular hydrogen bonds of 7,7'-dihydroxy-substituted derivatives impart enhanced electron-accepting character and significantly red-shifted photoabsorption. This study demonstrates that indenone azines represent a promising candidate as electron-accepting building blocks for optoelectronic materials.
Keywords: azine; cross conjugation; electron acceptors; hydrogen bonds; pi conjugation.
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