Diabetes Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome in Companion Animals

Arnon Gal; Adesola Odunayo

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.01.005

Diabetes Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome in Companion Animals

Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2023 May;53(3):531-550. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.01.005. Epub 2023 Mar 8.

Authors

Arnon Gal¹, Adesola Odunayo²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61820, USA. Electronic address: agal2@illinois.edu.
² Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.

PMID: 36898859
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.01.005

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in dogs and cats. Diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are life-threatening complications of diabetes resulting from an imbalance between insulin and the glucose counter-regulatory hormones. The first part of this review focuses on the pathophysiology of DKA and HHS, and rarer complications such as euglycemic DKA and hyperosmolar DKA. The second part of this review focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of these complications.

Keywords: Cat; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic ketoacidosis; Dog; Eugylcemic ketoacidosis; Hyperosmolar diabetic ketoacidosis; Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Cat Diseases* / diagnosis
Cat Diseases* / etiology
Cat Diseases* / therapy
Cats
Diabetes Mellitus* / veterinary
Diabetic Ketoacidosis* / diagnosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis* / therapy
Diabetic Ketoacidosis* / veterinary
Dog Diseases* / diagnosis
Dog Diseases* / etiology
Dog Diseases* / therapy
Dogs
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma* / diagnosis
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma* / therapy
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma* / veterinary
Pets