1 Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. giulio.pasinetti@mssm.edu.
2 Senior VA Career Scientist, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. giulio.pasinetti@mssm.edu.
3 Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
4 Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
5 Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy. carlotta.defilippo@ibba.cnr.it.