Assessing oxidative stress induction ability and oxidative potential of PM2.5 in cities in eastern and western Japan

Yuji Fujitani; Akiko Furuyama; Masahiko Hayashi; Hiroyuki Hagino; Mizuo Kajino

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138308

Assessing oxidative stress induction ability and oxidative potential of PM_2.5 in cities in eastern and western Japan

Chemosphere. 2023 May:324:138308. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138308. Epub 2023 Mar 6.

Authors

Yuji Fujitani¹, Akiko Furuyama², Masahiko Hayashi³, Hiroyuki Hagino⁴, Mizuo Kajino⁵

Affiliations

¹ National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan. Electronic address: fujitani.yuji@nies.go.jp.
² National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
³ Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jyonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
⁴ Japan Automobile Research Institute, 2530 Karima, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0822, Japan.
⁵ Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0052, Japan.

PMID: 36889470
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138308

Abstract

Oxidative stress is an important cause of respiratory diseases associated with exposure to PM_2.5. Accordingly, acellular methods for assessing the oxidative potential (OP) of PM_2.5 have been evaluated extensively for use as indicators of oxidative stress in living organisms. However, OP-based assessments only reflect the physicochemical properties of particles and do not consider particle-cell interactions. Therefore, to determine the potency of OP under various PM_2.5 scenarios, oxidative stress induction ability (OSIA) assessments were performed using a cell-based method, the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) assay, and the findings were compared with OP measurements obtained using an acellular method, the dithiothreitol assay. For these assays, PM_2.5 filter samples were collected in two cities in Japan. To quantitatively determine the relative contribution of the quantity of metals and subtypes of organic aerosols (OA) in PM_2.5 to the OSIA and the OP, online measurements and offline chemical analysis were also performed. The findings showed a positive relationship between the OSIA and OP for water-extracted samples, confirming that the OP is generally well suited for use as an indicator of the OSIA. However, the correspondence between the two assays differed for samples with a high water-soluble (WS)-Pb content, which had a higher OSIA than would be expected from the OP of other samples. The results of reagent-solution experiments showed that the WS-Pb induced the OSIA, but not the OP, in 15-min reactions, suggesting a reason for the inconsistent relationship between the two assays across samples. Multiple linear regression analyses and reagent-solution experiments showed that WS transition metals and biomass burning OA accounted for approximately 30-40% and 50% of the total OSIA or the total OP of water-extracted PM_2.5 samples, respectively. This is the first study to evaluate the association between cellular oxidative stress assessed by the HO-1 assay and the different subtypes of OA.

Keywords: Biomass burning; Dithiothreitol assay; Heme oxygenase-1 assay; Oxidative potential; Oxidative stress induction ability; Positive matrix factorization.

MeSH terms

Aerosols / analysis
Air Pollutants* / analysis
Air Pollutants* / toxicity
Cities
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Japan
Lead / analysis
Oxidative Stress
Particulate Matter* / analysis
Particulate Matter* / toxicity

Substances

Particulate Matter
Air Pollutants
Lead
Aerosols