Ferroptosis has been realized in anticancer drug-induced acute cardiac/kidney injuries (ACI/AKI); however, molecular imaging approach to detect ferroptosis in ACI/AKI is a challenge. We report an artemisinin-based probe (Art-Gd) for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of ferroptosis (feMRI) by exploiting the redox-active Fe(II) as a vivid chemical target. In vivo, the Art-Gd probe showed great feasibility in early diagnosis of anticancer drug-induced ACI/AKI, which was at least 24 and 48 hours earlier than the standard clinical assays for assessing ACI and AKI, respectively. Furthermore, the feMRI was able to provide imaging evidence for the different mechanisms of action of ferroptosis-targeted agents, either by blocking lipid peroxidation or depleting iron ions. This study presents a feMRI strategy with simple chemistry and robust efficacy for early evaluation of anticancer drug-induced ACI/AKI, which may shed light on the theranostics of a variety of ferroptosis-related diseases.