Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Per Brandström; Sverker Hansson

doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2022.07.003

Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Pediatr Clin North Am. 2022 Dec;69(6):1099-1114. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.07.003. Epub 2022 Oct 29.

Authors

Per Brandström¹, Sverker Hansson²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Science Institute, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 416 85, Sweden; Pediatric Uro-Nephrologic Center, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg 416 85, Sweden. Electronic address: per.brandstrom@gu.se.
² Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Science Institute, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 416 85, Sweden; Pediatric Uro-Nephrologic Center, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg 416 85, Sweden.

PMID: 36880924
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.07.003

Abstract

Symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) in young children are nonspecific and urine sampling is challenging. A safe and rapid diagnosis of UTI can be achieved with new biomarkers and culture of clean-catch urine, reserving catheterization or suprapubic aspiration for severely ill infants. Most guidelines recommend ultrasound assessment and use of risk factors to direct further management of children at risk of kidney deterioration. The increasing knowledge of the innate immune system will add new predictors and treatment strategies to the management of UTI in children. Long-term outcome is good for the majority, but individuals with severe scarring can develop hypertension and decline in kidney function.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Guidelines; Kidney damage; Urinary tract infection; Urine culture; Urine sampling.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Child
Child, Preschool
Humans
Hypertension*
Infant
Risk Factors
Urinary Tract Infections* / diagnosis
Urinary Tract Infections* / therapy