Mindfulness and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: An Umbrella Review

Paul Cardle; Saravana Kumar; Matthew Leach; Maureen McEvoy; Yasamin Veziari

doi:10.2147/JMDH.S392375

Mindfulness and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: An Umbrella Review

J Multidiscip Healthc. 2023 Feb 28:16:515-533. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S392375. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Paul Cardle¹, Saravana Kumar¹, Matthew Leach², Maureen McEvoy¹, Yasamin Veziari¹

Affiliations

¹ Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
² National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia.

Abstract

Background: Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP) disorders are a leading cause of disability globally, affecting up to one in three people. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have become a popular treatment for CMSP. The aim of this umbrella review was to synthesise the best available research evidence for the effectiveness of MBI for adults with CMSP.

Methods: Eight databases were searched from inception to 30th June 2021 for systematic reviews that examined the use of MBI in CMSP (pain experienced >3 months) in adult populations. Two reviewers independently conducted screening and selection, data extraction, and assessment of methodological quality using The Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews tool (AMSTAR 2). Outcomes examined were pain, sleep quality, depression, quality of life, physical functioning, and mindfulness. Furthermore, definitions of mindfulness, and intervention parameters (mindfulness practices used, length, frequency of sessions, duration) were also reported.

Results: Nineteen systematic reviews (n = 1 rated high quality, n = 1 moderate quality, n = 2 low quality and n = 15 critically low quality) examining 194 primary studies met the review criteria. Although some promising evidence was identified for the use of MBI in CMSP, the general low quality and widespread heterogeneity of included SRs and made it difficult to reach a definitive conclusion. Differences in results and outcomes amongst systematic reviews that, in many cases, had a high overlap of included RCTs, suggests fundamental differences in critical design elements that make data difficult to compare.

Conclusion: This umbrella review found mixed results on the effectiveness of MBI for the management of CMSP across a range of outcomes (pain, sleep quality, depression, quality of life, physical functioning, mindfulness). Definitions of MBI varied as did parameters, which may have contributed to these mixed results. More rigorous research with stringent MBI protocols is required.

Keywords: chronic musculoskeletal pain; chronic pain; mindfulness; musculoskeletal disorders; systematic reviews.

Publication types

Review