The Antioxidant Activity and Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death by Musa paradisiaca and Trigona sp. Honey Jelly in ORL115 and ORL188 Cells

Mohd Nur Nasyriq Anuar; Muhammad Ibrahim; Nor Hafizah Zakaria; Solachuddin Jauhari Arief Ichwan; Muhammad Lokman Md Isa; Nur Aizura Mat Alewi; Abdullah Hagar; Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid

doi:10.21315/mjms2023.30.1.7

The Antioxidant Activity and Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death by Musa paradisiaca and Trigona sp. Honey Jelly in ORL115 and ORL188 Cells

Malays J Med Sci. 2023 Feb;30(1):82-91. doi: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.1.7. Epub 2023 Feb 28.

Authors

Mohd Nur Nasyriq Anuar¹, Muhammad Ibrahim¹, Nor Hafizah Zakaria², Solachuddin Jauhari Arief Ichwan³, Muhammad Lokman Md Isa⁴, Nur Aizura Mat Alewi¹, Abdullah Hagar¹, Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia.
² Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
³ Dentistry Programme, PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam.
⁴ Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Nursing, Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia.

Abstract

Background: Head and neck cancer patients usually need nutritional support due to difficulties in swallowing and chewing. Therefore, this study aimed to formulate Musa paradisiaca and Trigona sp. honey jelly (MTJ) as a convenient functional food.

Methods: The antioxidant properties were analysed using 2,2'-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and 2,2'-azinodi 3-ethylbenthiazolinesulfonate (ABTS) assays. Cytotoxicity was assayed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and the induction of apoptosis was observed via caspase-3/7 activity assay. The identification of phenolic compounds was done via ultra-high-performance-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS).

Results: The antioxidant analysis exhibited: the half inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of DPPH inhibition, 54.10 (SD = 4.51) μg/mL; the FRAP value, 30.07 (SD = 0.93) mM TEQ/100 g; and the ABTS value, 131.79 (SD = 8.73) mg TEQ/100 g. Cinnamic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound, followed by maleic acid and salicylic acid. The IC₅₀ for ORL115 and ORL188 were 35.51 mg/mL and 43.54 mg/mL, respectively. The cells became rounded and dissymmetrical which reduced in number and size. The apoptotic cell death in ORL115 and ORL188 was deduced as caspase-3/7 activities that significantly increased (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The study evidenced that the antioxidant activity of MTJ could influence the induction of apoptosis in ORL115 and ORL188 in future investigations and verifications.

Keywords: Musa paradisiaca; antioxidant; apoptosis; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; stingless bee.