Chlorogenic acid rich in coffee pulp extract suppresses inflammatory status by inhibiting the p38, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways

Atcharaporn Ontawong; Acharaporn Duangjai; Chutima S Vaddhanaphuti; Doungporn Amornlerdpison; Sirinat Pengnet; Natakorn Kamkaew

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13917

Chlorogenic acid rich in coffee pulp extract suppresses inflammatory status by inhibiting the p38, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways

Heliyon. 2023 Feb 18;9(3):e13917. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13917. eCollection 2023 Mar.

Authors

Atcharaporn Ontawong¹, Acharaporn Duangjai¹, Chutima S Vaddhanaphuti², Doungporn Amornlerdpison^{3

4}, Sirinat Pengnet¹, Natakorn Kamkaew¹

Affiliations

¹ Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
² Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
³ Center of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
⁴ Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Abstract

Coffee pulp (CP) is a coffee byproduct that contains various active ingredients, namely, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine. These active compounds show several benefits, including antihyperlipidemia, antioxidants, and anti-inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory properties of Coffea pulp extract (CPE) are unknown. This work determined the impact of CPE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage cells and the molecular mechanism behind this action. RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to varying doses of CPE with or without LPS. Inflammatory markers and their mechanism were studied. CPE therapy has been shown to suppress the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and mediators, namely, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO), as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂). Finally, CPE inactivated the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and MAPK signaling pathways. Consequently, CPE might be used as a nutraceutical to treat inflammation and its related disorders.

Keywords: Anti-Inflammatory; Caffeine; Chlorogenic acid; Coffee pulp extract; MAPK signaling; Nuclear factor-kappa B.