Availability of Extragenital Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing in 6 High-Incidence States

Sex Transm Dis. 2023 Jun 1;50(6):346-350. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001789. Epub 2023 Feb 28.

Abstract

Background: Extragenital testing (rectal and oropharyngeal) of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) increases the detection of CT/NG infections, compared with genital testing alone. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends annual extragenital CT/NG screening for men who have sex with men, and additional screenings for women and transgender or gender-diverse individuals if certain sexual behaviors and exposures are reported.

Methods: Prospective computer-assisted telephonic interviews were conducted with 873 clinics between June 2022 and September 2022. The computer-assisted telephonic interview followed a semistructured questionnaire that included closed-ended questions on the availability and accessibility of CT/NG testing.

Results: Of the 873 clinics, CT/NG testing was offered in 751 clinics (86.0%), and extragenital testing was offered in only 432 clinics (57.5%). Most clinics (74.5%) with extragenital testing do not offer tests unless patients request them and/or report symptoms. Additional barriers to accessing information on available CT/NG testing include clinics not picking up the telephone, disconnecting the call, and unwillingness or inability to answer questions.

Conclusions: Despite evidence-based recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the availability of extragenital CT/NG testing is moderate. Patients seeking extragenital testing may encounter barriers such as fulfilling specific criteria or being unable to access information on testing availability.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Chlamydia Infections* / diagnosis
  • Chlamydia Infections* / epidemiology
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Female
  • Gonorrhea* / diagnosis
  • Gonorrhea* / epidemiology
  • Homosexuality, Male
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
  • Prospective Studies
  • Sexual and Gender Minorities*