Drug Standardization through Pharmacognostic Approaches and Estimation of Anticancer Potential of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) using Prostate-Cancer cell lines: An In-vitro Study

Nida Khan; Mohd Afsahul Kalam; Mohd Tauseef Alam; Syed Anam Ul Haq; Wasia Showket; Zahoor A Dar; Nida Rafiq; Waseem Mushtaq; Towseef Amin Rafeeqi; Mohammad Yunis Dar; Seema Akbar; Tariq Ahmad Butt; Riehana Gani; Uzma Majeed; Anis Ahmad Chaudhary; Hassan Ahmed Rudayni; Mohammed Al-Zharani; Sireen Abdul Rahim Shilbayeh; Ammena Yahia Binsaleh; Azza A K El-Sheikh; Zodwa Dlamini; Shabir Hussain Wani; Shahanavaj Khan; Khalid Z Masoodi

doi:10.7150/jca.77110

Drug Standardization through Pharmacognostic Approaches and Estimation of Anticancer Potential of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) using Prostate-Cancer cell lines: An In-vitro Study

J Cancer. 2023 Feb 5;14(3):490-504. doi: 10.7150/jca.77110. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Nida Khan^{1

2}, Mohd Afsahul Kalam¹, Mohd Tauseef Alam³, Syed Anam Ul Haq², Wasia Showket², Zahoor A Dar^{2

4}, Nida Rafiq⁵, Waseem Mushtaq⁶, Towseef Amin Rafeeqi⁷, Mohammad Yunis Dar⁸, Seema Akbar⁸, Tariq Ahmad Butt⁹, Riehana Gani¹, Uzma Majeed¹⁰, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary¹¹, Hassan Ahmed Rudayni¹¹, Mohammed Al-Zharani¹¹, Sireen Abdul Rahim Shilbayeh¹², Ammena Yahia Binsaleh¹², Azza A K El-Sheikh¹³, Zodwa Dlamini¹⁴, Shabir Hussain Wani¹⁵, Shahanavaj Khan^{16

17}, Khalid Z Masoodi²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), RRIUM, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190006.
² Transcriptomics Laboratory (K-Lab), Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190025.
³ Department of Moalajat (Medicine), RRIUM, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190006.
⁴ Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190006.
⁵ Division of Forest Products & Utilization, Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Benhama, Ganderbal, J&K, India 191202.
⁶ Allelopathy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India 202002.
⁷ Biochemistry and Pathology Lab, RRIUM, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, J&K, India, 190006.
⁸ Phytochemistry lab, RRIUM, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, J&K, India, 190006.
⁹ SMPU Unit RRIUM, Srinagar, University of Kashmir, J&K, India, 190006.
¹⁰ Division of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, India, 190025.
¹¹ Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
¹² Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
¹³ Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁴ SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
¹⁵ Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Anantnag, 192101, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India, 192102.
¹⁶ Department of Medical Lab Technology, Indian Institute of Health and Technology (IIHT), Deoband, Saharanpur, UP, India, 247554.
¹⁷ Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 11451.

Abstract

Cancer is the major challenge across world and the adenocarcinoma of prostate malignancy is the second most prevalent male cancer. Various medicinal plants are used for the treatment and management of various cancers. Matricaria chamomilla L., is one of the extensively used Unani medicament for the treatment of various type of diseases. In the current study we evaluated most of the parameters prescribed for drug standardization using pharmacognostic approaches. The 2,2 Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method was utilized for the analysis of antioxidant activity in the flower extracts of M. chamomilla. Moreover, we analyzed the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of M. chamomilla (Gul-e Babuna) through in-vitro method. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazl-hydrate) method was utilized for the analysis of antioxidant activity in the flower extracts of M. chamomilla. CFU and wound healing assay were performed to determine the anti-cancer activity. The results demonstrated that various extracts of M. chamomilla fulfilled most of the parameters of drug standardization and contained good antioxidant and anticancer activities. The ethyl acetate showed higher anticancer activity followed by aqueous, hydroalcoholic, petroleum benzene and methanol by CFU method. Also, the wound healing assay demonstrated that ethyl acetate extract has more significant effect followed by methanol and petroleum benzene extract on prostate cancer cell line (C4-2). The current study concluded that the extract of M. chamomilla flowers could act as good source of natural anti-cancer compounds.

Keywords: Anti-cancer; Antioxidant; CFU; DPPH; Gul-e-Babuna; Prostate cancer; Saraṭān; TLC; phytomedicine.