Parainfectious autoimmune encephalitis related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, presenting with catatonia

Int J Psychiatry Med. 2023 Jul;58(4):403-410. doi: 10.1177/00912174231161393. Epub 2023 Feb 28.

Abstract

Objective: SARS-CoV-2 infection commonly affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in a variety of neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Whereas the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on neuronal structures in the short and long-term are still controversial, neurological involvement secondary to SARS-CoV- 2 is heterogeneous in terms of clinical presentation, treatment response, and prognosis.

Method: A case of autoimmune encephalitis developing after SARS-CoV-2 is described in this article.

Results: The patient was admitted to the clinic with classical signs of catatonia and encephalopathy. The emergence of neuropsychiatric problems after the relief of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms suggests that symptoms were primarily related to immune processes. This patient demonstrated a good clinical response to symptomatic catatonia treatment and immune-modulatory agents and recovered both physically and cognitively without sequelae.

Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection may involve encephalitic involvement and psychological symptoms (including catatonia) after the infection by triggering autoimmune pathways.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; autoimmunity; catatonia; encephalitis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System* / complications
  • Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System* / diagnosis
  • Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System* / therapy
  • COVID-19* / complications
  • Catatonia* / complications
  • Catatonia* / etiology
  • Humans
  • SARS-CoV-2

Supplementary concepts

  • Hashimoto's encephalitis