High-Resolution Estimation of Suspended Solids and Particulate Phosphorus Using Acoustic Devices in a Hydrologically Managed Canal in South Florida, USA

Ikechukwu S Onwuka; Leonard J Scinto; David C Fugate

doi:10.3390/s23042281

High-Resolution Estimation of Suspended Solids and Particulate Phosphorus Using Acoustic Devices in a Hydrologically Managed Canal in South Florida, USA

Sensors (Basel). 2023 Feb 17;23(4):2281. doi: 10.3390/s23042281.

Authors

Ikechukwu S Onwuka^{1

2}, Leonard J Scinto^{1

2}, David C Fugate³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
² Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
³ Department of Marine and Earth Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd. South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA.

Abstract

Conventional methods of measuring total suspended sediments (TSS) and total particulate phosphorus (TPP) are typically low-resolution and miss critical processes that impact their exports in aquatic environments. To create high-resolution TSS and TPP estimates, echo intensity (EI), a biproduct of velocity measurements from acoustic devices, was utilized. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) were deployed in three locations in the L-29 Canal in South Florida, USA, to obtain estimates near the canal bed and in the water column, respectively. Corrections for transmission losses from the ADCP proved unnecessary due to the low vertical variability in the measured EI. EI calibrations were performed using artificially created TSS obtained from bed sediments (ADV) and gravimetrically measured TSS from water samples that matched the depths and times of the ADCP deployments. The measured TSS values were then analyzed for total phosphorus and converted to TPP estimates. The results showed that high TSS and TPP were caused by the rapid discharge releases typical of managed canals. This work demonstrates that high-resolution estimates are imperative for assessing the effects of such swift hydrologic changes on the potential export of sediments and nutrients to delicate ecosystems downstream.

Keywords: acoustic devices; canals; high-resolution estimates; particulate phosphorus; surrogate methods; suspended solids.

Grants and funding

This research is part of the first author’s dissertation research, which is funded by an FIU For Everglades Fellowship provided by the Everglades Foundation, NSF CREST Center for Aquatic Chemistry and Environment, Cristina Menendez Fellowship provided by the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians Endowment through the Institute of Environment, Graduate Student Research Support Program and Dissertation Year Fellowship provided by the University Graduate School, and the Department of Earth and Environment, all at Florida International University, and General Endowment Award from the Society for Freshwater Science.