The excessive emission of CO2 derived from the consumption of fossil fuels has caused severe energy and environmental crises. The electrochemical reduction of CO2 into value-added products such as CO not only reduces the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere but also promotes sustainable development in chemical engineering. Thus, tremendous work has been devoted to developing highly efficient catalysts for the selective CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Recently, MOF-derived transition metal-based catalysts have shown great potential for the CO2RR due to their various compositions, adjustable structures, competitive ability, and acceptable cost. Herein, based on our work, a mini-review is proposed for an MOF-derived transition metal-based catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO. The catalytic mechanism of the CO2RR was first introduced, and then we summarized and analyzed the MOF-derived transition metal-based catalysts in terms of MOF-derived single atomic metal-based catalysts and MOF-derived metal nanoparticle-based catalysts. Finally, we present the challenges and perspectives for the subject topic. Hopefully, this review could be helpful and instructive for the design and application of MOF-derived transition metal-based catalysts for the selective CO2RR to CO.