Serum Metabolome Adaptations Following 12 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Obese Older Adults

Layale Youssef; Mélanie Bourgin; Sylvère Durand; Fanny Aprahamian; Deborah Lefevre; Maria Chiara Maiuri; Vincent Marcangeli; Maude Dulac; Guy Hajj-Boutros; Fanny Buckinx; Eva Peyrusqué; Pierrette Gaudreau; José A Morais; Gilles Gouspillou; Guido Kroemer; Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre; Philippe Noirez

doi:10.3390/metabo13020198

Serum Metabolome Adaptations Following 12 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Obese Older Adults

Metabolites. 2023 Jan 29;13(2):198. doi: 10.3390/metabo13020198.

Authors

Layale Youssef^{1

2}, Mélanie Bourgin^{3

4}, Sylvère Durand^{3

4}, Fanny Aprahamian^{3

4}, Deborah Lefevre^{3

4}, Maria Chiara Maiuri^{3

4}, Vincent Marcangeli^{5

6}, Maude Dulac^{5

7}, Guy Hajj-Boutros⁷, Fanny Buckinx^{2

6}, Eva Peyrusqué^{2

6

8}, Pierrette Gaudreau⁹, José A Morais⁷, Gilles Gouspillou^{2

6

7

8}, Guido Kroemer^{3

4}, Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre^{1

2

6

8}, Philippe Noirez^{6

10

11

12}

Affiliations

¹ School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
² Research Center of the Montreal Geriatrics Institute (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada.
³ INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
⁴ Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, AMMICa US23/CNRS UMS3655, 94805 Villejuif, France.
⁵ Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
⁶ Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
⁷ Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
⁸ Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
⁹ Département de Médecine de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada.
¹⁰ Performance, Santé, Métrologie, Société (PSMS), UFR STAPS, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France.
¹¹ T3S, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
¹² Institut de Recherche Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Université Paris Cité, 75012 Paris, France.

Abstract

Physical activity can be effective in preventing some of the adverse effects of aging on health. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) are beneficial interventions for the quality of life of obese older individuals. The understanding of all possible metabolic mechanisms underlying these beneficial changes has not yet been established. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the serum metabolome after 12 weeks of HIIT and MICT in obese older adults. Thirty-eight participants performed either HIIT (n = 26) or MICT (n = 12) three times per week for 12 weeks. Serum metabolites as well as clinical and biological parameters were assessed before and after the 12-week intervention. Among the 364 metabolites and ratio of metabolites identified, 51 metabolites changed significantly following the 12-week intervention. Out of them, 21 significantly changed following HIIT intervention and 18 significantly changed following MICT. Associations with clinical and biological adaptations revealed that changes in acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholine (PCae) (22:1) correlated positively with changes in handgrip strength in the HIIT group (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). A negative correlation was also observed between 2-oxoglutaric acid and HOMA-IR (r = -0.44, p < 0.01) when considering both groups together (HIIT and MICT). This metabolite also correlated positively with quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) in both groups together (r = 0.46, p < 0.01) and the HIIT group (r = 0.51, p < 0.01). Additionally, in the MICT group, fumaric acid was positively correlated with triglyceride levels (r = 0.73, p < 0.01) and acetylcarnitine correlated positively with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). These four metabolites might represent potential metabolites of interest concerning muscle strength, glycemic parameters, as well as lipid profile parameters, and hence, for a potential healthy aging. Future studies are needed to confirm the association between these metabolites and a healthy aging.

Keywords: HIIT; MICT; aging; mass spectrometry; metabolomics; obesity.

Grants and funding

This study was supported by grants from the Québec Network for Research on Aging of the Fonds de Recherche en Santé du Québec (FRQS) awarded to M.A.-L., G.G., P.G., J.M., P.N. and by UQAM-FRQS funds awarded to M.A.-L. M.A.-L. is supported by a Chercheur Boursier Senior salary award from the FRQS. G.G. is supported by a Chercheur Boursier Junior 2 salary award from the FRQS. F.B. is supported by a postdoctoral award from the FRQS. M.D. is supported by a PhD award from the FRQS. G.K. is supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée); Agence National de la Recherche (ANR)—Projets blancs; AMMICa US23/CNRS UMS3655; Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC); Association “Ruban Rose”; Cancéropôle Ile-de-France; Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM); a donation by Elior; Equipex Onco-Pheno-Screen; European Joint Programme on Rare Diseases (EJPRD); Gustave Roussy Odyssea, the European Union Horizon 2020 Projects Oncobiome and Crimson; Fondation Carrefour; Institut National du Cancer (INCa); Inserm (HTE); Institut Universitaire de France; LabEx Immuno-Oncology (ANR-18-IDEX-0001); the Leducq Foundation; a Cancer Research ASPIRE Award from the Mark Foundation; the RHU Torino Lumière; Seerave Foundation; SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE); and SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM). This study contributes to the IdEx Université de Paris ANR-18-IDEX-0001.