Hydroxyapatite Double Substituted with Zinc and Silicate Ions: Possibility of Mechanochemical Synthesis and In Vitro Properties

Svetlana V Makarova; Natalia V Bulina; Yuliya A Golubeva; Lyubov S Klyushova; Natalya B Dumchenko; Svetlana S Shatskaya; Arcady V Ishchenko; Mikhail V Khvostov; Dina V Dudina

doi:10.3390/ma16041385

Hydroxyapatite Double Substituted with Zinc and Silicate Ions: Possibility of Mechanochemical Synthesis and In Vitro Properties

Materials (Basel). 2023 Feb 7;16(4):1385. doi: 10.3390/ma16041385.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
² Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
³ Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
⁴ Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine" (IMBB FRC FTM), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia.
⁵ State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Federal Service for Surveillance in Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia.
⁶ G. K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
⁷ Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
⁸ Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.

Abstract

In this study, the mechanochemical synthesis of substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) containing zinc and silicon ions having a chemical formula of Ca_10-xZn_x(PO₄)_6-x(SiO₄)_x(OH)_2-x, where x = 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0, was carried out. The synthesized materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. We found that HA co-substituted with zinc and silicate formed up to x = 1.0. At higher concentrations of the substituents, the formation of large amounts of an amorphous phase was observed. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of the co-substituted HA was studied in vitro on Hek293 and MG-63 cell lines. The HA co-substituted with zinc and silicate demonstrated high biocompatibility; the lowest cytotoxicity was observed at x = 0.2. For this composition, good proliferation of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and an increased solubility compared with that of HA were detected. These properties allow us to recommend the synthesized material for medical applications, namely, for the restoration of bone tissue and manufacture of biodegradable implants.

Keywords: biocompatibility; co-substitution; cytotoxicity; doping; hydroxyapatite; silicone; zinc.

Grants and funding

This research was carried out within a state assignment to the Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS (project No. 121032500064-8). The study of biocompatibility and cytotoxicity was performed using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use “Proteomic Analysis”, supported by funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (agreement No. 075-15-2021-691).