Physiological Impairment and Biochemical Modifications Induced by Triclosan in Mediterranean Mussels

Imen Bouzidi; Karine Mougin; Hamouda Beyrem; Mohammed I Alghonaim; Sulaiman A Alsalamah; Ashraf A Qurtam; Ezzeddine Mahmoudi; Fehmi Boufahja; Badreddine Sellami

doi:10.3390/ani13040583

Physiological Impairment and Biochemical Modifications Induced by Triclosan in Mediterranean Mussels

Animals (Basel). 2023 Feb 7;13(4):583. doi: 10.3390/ani13040583.

Authors

Imen Bouzidi^{1

2}, Karine Mougin³, Hamouda Beyrem¹, Mohammed I Alghonaim⁴, Sulaiman A Alsalamah⁴, Ashraf A Qurtam⁴, Ezzeddine Mahmoudi¹, Fehmi Boufahja⁴, Badreddine Sellami⁵

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology Unit, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia.
² Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologies de Béja, Université de Jendouba, Jendouba 8189, Tunisia.
³ Institut de Science des Matériaux, Université de Haute Alsace, IS2M-CNRS-UMR 7361, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France.
⁴ Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Tabarka 8110, Tunisia.

Abstract

The effects of pharmaceutical under aquatic biota are still not well established. In this investigation, we assessed the results of a common pharmaceutical's, triclosan (TCS), treatment on physiological and biochemical status of the Mediterranean mussels. Filtration and respiration rates were statistically reduced after treatment with highest considered concentration TCS2 = 100 µg·L^-1. However, no modification (p > 0.05) was detected after treatment with TCS1 = 50 µg·L^-1. For biochemical responses, oxidative stress parameters including H₂O₂ level and antioxidant enzymes were enhanced following concentration in considered organs. In parallel, Malondialdheyde content was measured in mussels after TCS treatment and lipid peroxidation occurred at high TCS concentration. Neurotoxicity evaluated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was induced in gills and digestive glands after exposure to TCS2. Overall, physiological impairment, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and neurotoxicity could be induced by triclosan in mussels. The association of physiological and biochemical biomarkers constitute a useful tool to measure the impact of pharmaceuticals in marine organism.

Keywords: Mytilus galloprovincialis; biomarkers; biomonitoring; pharmaceuticals.

Grants and funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University for funding this work through Research Group no. RG-21-09-91.