Antimicrobial Resistance and Recent Alternatives to Antibiotics for the Control of Bacterial Pathogens with an Emphasis on Foodborne Pathogens

Yosra A Helmy; Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz; Hanan Abd El-Halim Hawwas; Soumya Ghosh; Samar Sami AlKafaas; Mohamed M M Moawad; Essa M Saied; Issmat I Kassem; Asmaa M M Mawad

doi:10.3390/antibiotics12020274

Antimicrobial Resistance and Recent Alternatives to Antibiotics for the Control of Bacterial Pathogens with an Emphasis on Foodborne Pathogens

Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Jan 30;12(2):274. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12020274.

Authors

Yosra A Helmy^{1

2}, Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz³, Hanan Abd El-Halim Hawwas², Soumya Ghosh⁴, Samar Sami AlKafaas⁵, Mohamed M M Moawad⁶, Essa M Saied^{7

8}, Issmat I Kassem⁹, Asmaa M M Mawad^{10

11}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
² Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
³ Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
⁴ Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa.
⁵ Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt.
⁶ Faculty of Medicine, Minya University, Minya 61742, Egypt.
⁷ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
⁸ Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
⁹ Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30609, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah 42317, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important global public health problems. The imprudent use of antibiotics in humans and animals has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The dissemination of these strains and their resistant determinants could endanger antibiotic efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and develop novel strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. This review provides insights into the evolution and the mechanisms of AMR. Additionally, it discusses alternative approaches that might be used to control AMR, including probiotics, prebiotics, antimicrobial peptides, small molecules, organic acids, essential oils, bacteriophage, fecal transplants, and nanoparticles.

Keywords: antibiotics alternatives; antibodies; antimicrobial peptides; antimicrobial resistance; bacteriophage; essential oils; fecal transplant; nanoparticles; organic acids; prebiotics; probiotics; quorum sensing; small molecules; vaccines.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.