Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Composite Nanoparticles for Augmented Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering

Vignesh Krishnamoorthi Kaliannagounder; Mohammad Amjad Hossain; Jong-Hoon Kim; Muthukumar Thangavelu; Aravinthan Adithan

doi:10.3390/md21020085

Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Composite Nanoparticles for Augmented Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering

Mar Drugs. 2023 Jan 25;21(2):85. doi: 10.3390/md21020085.

Authors

Vignesh Krishnamoorthi Kaliannagounder^{1

2}, Mohammad Amjad Hossain³, Jong-Hoon Kim³, Muthukumar Thangavelu⁴, Aravinthan Adithan^{3

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
² Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
³ College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54896, Republic of Korea.
⁴ Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Department of Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
⁵ Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.

Abstract

Progressive aging harms bone tissue structure and function and, thus, requires effective therapies focusing on permanent tissue regeneration rather than partial cure, beginning with regenerative medicine. Due to advances in tissue engineering, stimulating osteogenesis with biomimetic nanoparticles to create a regenerative niche has gained attention for its efficacy and cost-effectiveness. In particular, hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) has gained significant interest in orthopedic applications as a major inorganic mineral of native bone. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have also been noted for their multifunctional potential for hyperthermia, MRI contrast agents, drug delivery, and mechanosensitive receptor manipulation to induce cell differentiation, etc. Thus, the present study synthesizes HAP-decorated MNPs (MHAP NPs) via the wet chemical co-precipitation method. Synthesized MHAP NPs were evaluated against the preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells towards concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, proliferation, morphology staining, ROS generation, and osteogenic differentiation. The result evidenced that MHAP NPs concentration up to 10 µg/mL was non-toxic even with the time-dependent proliferation studies. As nanoparticle concentration increased, FACS apoptosis assay and ROS data showed a significant rise in apoptosis and ROS generation. The MC3T3-E1 cells cocultured with 5 µg/mL MHAP NPs showed significant osteogenic differentiation potential. Thus, MHAP NPs synthesized with simple wet chemistry could be employed in bone regenerative therapy.

Keywords: MC3T3-E1 cells; hydroxyapatite; magnetic hydroxyapatite; magnetic nanoparticles; osteogenic differentiation.

MeSH terms

Bone and Bones
Cell Differentiation
Durapatite / chemistry
Nanoparticles* / chemistry
Osteoblasts
Osteogenesis
Reactive Oxygen Species
Tissue Engineering* / methods

Substances

Durapatite
Reactive Oxygen Species

Grants and funding

This research was partially supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: HI18C0661).