Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common human liver malignancy and its incidence rate has been gradually increasing worldwide over the past decades. Surgical resection (R0 resection) is the preferred potentially curative treatment for ICC patients. However, due to its conceal clinical features and high invasiveness, most patients have lost the opportunity for surgical resection at the time of diagnosis. In recent years, with the rapid development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which is represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors, clinicians are expected to provide more effective treatment options for patients with mid-stage or advanced ICC. At present, there are still controversial opinions on different guidelines regarding preoperative biliary drainage, the extent of hepatectomy, the definition of R0 resection, the width of the resection margin, lymph node dissection, postoperative recurrence, adjuvant therapy, etc. In this review, 12 guidelines or expert consensus published worldwide from 2012 to 2022 (including 4 Chinese guidelines, 4 European guidelines, 2 American guidelines and 2 Japanese guidelines) were retrieved. Focusing on sorting and comparing the current views on clinical management of ICC in different guidelines, this review aims to provide reference information for ICC clinical management and decision-making.
肝内胆管癌（ICC）是人类第二常见的肝脏恶性肿瘤，在过去的几十年里，其发病率在全球范围内逐渐上升。根治性手术切除是ICC患者首选的可能根治的治疗手段。但ICC起病隐匿，侵袭性较高，多数患者确诊时已失去手术机会。另外，近年来以靶向治疗和免疫检查点抑制剂为代表的免疫治疗的迅速发展，有望为中晚期ICC患者提供更有效的治疗。目前，国内外各指南在ICC术前胆道引流、肝切除术范围、根治性切除的定义、切缘宽度、常规淋巴结清扫、术后复发、辅助治疗等方面存在不同程度的差异。本文检索了2012—2022年国内外发布的12篇针对或涵盖ICC临床诊疗实践的指南或共识，重点整理和比较了当前各指南在临床管理上的观点，旨在为临床工作提供数据参考以辅助临床决策。.