Planar MIMO antenna for mmWave applications: Evolution, present status & future scope

Parveez Shariff B G; Pallavi R Mane; Pradeep Kumar; Tanweer Ali; M Gulam Nabi Alsath

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13362

Planar MIMO antenna for mmWave applications: Evolution, present status & future scope

Heliyon. 2023 Feb 2;9(2):e13362. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13362. eCollection 2023 Feb.

Authors

Parveez Shariff B G¹, Pallavi R Mane¹, Pradeep Kumar², Tanweer Ali¹, M Gulam Nabi Alsath³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
² Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
³ Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai 603110, India.

Abstract

The increased traffic in e-commerce, cloud-based processing, social media, and online video streaming demands higher data rates. The current 4G has reached the bottleneck, due to which it may not be able to fulfill the high data demand, so the focus is drifting toward millimeter wave (mmWave). The mmWave spectrum ranging from 30 to 300 GHz offers wide bandwidth with low latency, which finds its application in various communication fields, including 5G cellular. Despite its atmospheric attenuation and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, most countries are currently adopting mmWave 5G at the 28/38 GHz band due to less atmospheric attenuation, low path loss exponent, and low signal spread at these bands. The single-element patch antenna is a compact solution for mmWave applications, but its performance is inferior in terms of bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency. The array antennas have overcome these demerits, as it has shown a significant increase in bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency. Still, it has a limitation on data rate support. As a result, Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology can increase the data rate to 1000 times through spatial diversity and multiplexing techniques. So, to refine the performance further, there is a need to comprehend the MIMO antenna structures designed so far at mmWave. This paper presents the planar MIMO antenna structures developed so far, categorized here as slot, coplanar waveguide, defected ground structures, tapered/Vivaldi, meta-surface/metamaterial, dielectric resonator, and flexible antennas. The performance of these designs is compared based on bandwidth, gain, isolation, efficiency, and radiation pattern. This article also discusses the effects of slots, partial ground, and decoupling structures on impedance matching, bandwidth, and isolation levels. Also, a thorough discussion of the design issues and future work to be undertaken is discussed in this here.

Keywords: DGS; EBG-Based antenna; MIMO antenna; Metamaterial; Slot antenna; Vivaldi antenna; mmWave.

Publication types

Review