Esculentoside A Inhibits Proliferation, Colony Formation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Maha Abdullah Momenah; Layla Awad Almutairi; Haifa Ali Alqhtani; Fatimah A Al-Saeed; Khalid M Al Syaad; Sadeq K Alhag; Mohammed A Al-Qahtani; Zaki Hussain Hakami; Jewel Mallick; Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed

doi:10.1155/2023/7530725

Esculentoside A Inhibits Proliferation, Colony Formation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2023 Feb 10:2023:7530725. doi: 10.1155/2023/7530725. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
³ Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Director of the Research Center, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Biology Department, College of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Muhayl Asser, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
⁸ Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Prince Sultan Bin-Abdul-Aziz Center for Environment and Tourism Studies and Researches, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.

Abstract

Esculentosides include a group of plant-derived compounds with tremendous pharmacological potential. The antiproliferative effects of esculentoside A against different colorectal cancer cells were evaluated. We found that the proliferation of all the colorectal cancer cells was halted by esculentoside A. The IC₅₀ of esculentoside A ranged from 16 to 24 μM against different colorectal cancer cells. Investigation of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that esculentoside A caused an increase in the colorectal cancer cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle, indicative of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The percentage of G1 cells increased from 22.68% in control to 54.23% at 16 μM esculentoside A. We also found that the colony formation of HT-29 cells was inhibited by 59% at 24 μM esculentoside A. Finally, effects of esculentoside A on the motility of HT-29 colorectal cancer cells were investigated, and it was found that esculentoside A caused a significant decline in HT-29 colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. The migration and invasion of esculentoside A-treated HT-29 cells were 45% and 51% higher, respectively, than those of untreated cells. Summing up, these results suggest that esculentoside A exhibits antiproliferative effects against human colorectal cancer cells.