Misconceptions About Female Cancers Contributing to Late Presentation to Health Facilities in Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study

Kalkidan Solomon; Mulugeta Tamire; Nahom Solomon; Nigus Bililign; Mirgissa Kaba

doi:10.2147/IJWH.S395824

Misconceptions About Female Cancers Contributing to Late Presentation to Health Facilities in Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study

Int J Womens Health. 2023 Feb 15:15:299-309. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S395824. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Kalkidan Solomon¹, Mulugeta Tamire¹, Nahom Solomon², Nigus Bililign³, Mirgissa Kaba¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
² Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia.
³ Department of Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Introduction: Morbidity and mortality from female cancers is a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. More than three quarters of women visiting health facilities are diagnosed with late-stage cervical and breast cancer. Evidence reveals that misconception affects timely health seeking behavior which could have averted expensive treatment and poor survival. This study aimed to explore misconceptions about female cancers that may have contributed to late presentation of the problem to health facilities in Sidama region, Ethiopia.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was carried out in June 2021. Nine focus group discussions (six with women and three with men) and 14 key informants were conducted. Data were collected using interview guide until all information get saturated. Data were inductively coded and qualitative content analysis was applied.

Results: A total of 63 (24 men and 39 women) people participated in this study. Nearly all (12) key informant interviewees have awareness about cervical and breast cancer, yet reported that their community members clearly lack awareness and they are working to improve misconceptions regarding cervical and breast cancer. The focus group discussion participants (15 men and 36 women) reported lack of detailed information related to cervical and breast cancer. Women believe that cervical and breast cancer mainly resulted from poor hygiene, trauma, having multiple sexual partners, early marriage, breast exposure to heat, not breast feeding, birth complication, urinating in the sun, hereditary, devil's intrusion and God's punishment.

Conclusion: There were misconceptions among the community on what cervical and breast cancer mean, how they could happen, what the symptoms are, why and when to screen, when to seek health care and how to use modern treatment options. Therefore, we recommended the design of social and behavioral change strategies to address the misconceptions among different population groups.

Keywords: breast cancer; cervical cancer; female cancer; misconception.