Modern Approaches to Alternative Flap-Based Breast Reconstruction: Transverse Upper Gracilis Flap

Abstract

The transverse upper/myocutaneous gracilis is a medial thigh-based flap primarily reserved as a secondary choice for autologous reconstruction of small to moderate-sized breasts in women without a suitable abdominal donor site. Its consistent and reliable anatomy based on the medial circumflex femoral artery permits expedient flap harvest with relatively low donor site morbidity. The primary disadvantage is the limited achievable volume, often necessitating augmentation such as extended flap modifications, autologous fat grafting, flap stacking, or even implant placement.

Keywords: Breast reconstruction; TMG flap; TUG; Transverse myocutaneous gracilis.