Experimental and Computational Investigation of Facial Selectivity Switching in Nickel-Diamine-Acetate-Catalyzed Michael Reactions

J Org Chem. 2023 Jun 16;88(12):7764-7773. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02732. Epub 2023 Feb 22.

Abstract

Chiral Ni complexes have revolutionized both asymmetric acid-base and redox catalysis. However, the coordination isomerism of Ni complexes and their open-shell property still often hinder the elucidation of the origin of their observed stereoselectivity. Here, we report our experimental and computational investigations to clarify the mechanism of β-nitrostyrene facial selectivity switching in Ni(II)-diamine-(OAc)2-catalyzed asymmetric Michael reactions. In the reaction with a dimethyl malonate, the Evans transition state (TS), in which the enolate binds in the same plane with the diamine ligand, is identified as the lowest-energy TS to promote C-C bond formation from the Si face in β-nitrostyrene. In contrast, a detailed survey of the multiple potential pathways in the reaction with α-keto esters points to a clear preference for our proposed C-C bond-forming TS, in which the enolate coordinates to the Ni(II) center in apical-equatorial positions relative to the diamine ligand, thereby promoting Re face addition in β-nitrostyrene. The N-H group plays a key orientational role in minimizing steric repulsion.

MeSH terms

  • Carboxylic Acids
  • Catalysis
  • Diamines*
  • Ligands
  • Nickel* / chemistry

Substances

  • beta-nitrostyrene
  • Nickel
  • Diamines
  • Ligands
  • nickel acetate
  • Carboxylic Acids