Do Certain Patient Cohorts Benefit From Different Surgical Approaches in Total Hip Arthroplasty?

Abstract

Background: Unfortunately, an important minority of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients report unsatisfactory outcomes. We aimed to compare the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for three main THA approaches and evaluate the effect of sex and body mass index (BMI) on PROMs over a 10-year period.

Methods: A total of 906 patients (535 women, mean BMI 30.7 [range, 15 to 58]; 371 men, mean BMI 31.2 [range, 17 to 56]) who underwent primary THA by an anterior (AA) (312), lateral (LA) (211), or posterior (383) approach between 2009 and 2020 at a single institution were evaluated using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS). PROMs were prospectively collected before surgery and routinely at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1, 2, 5, and 10 years after surgery.

Results: All three approaches resulted in significant postoperative OHS improvement. Overall, women experienced significantly lower OHS than men (P < .01). A significant negative relationship between BMI and OHS was identified and this relationship was exacerbated with an AA (P < .01). Women who had a BMI ≤ 25 reported OHS with a difference more than 5 points in favor of the AA, while women who had a BMI ≥ 42 reported an OHS with a difference more than 5 in favor of the LA. The BMI ranges were wider when comparing the anterior and posterior approaches, 22 to 46 for women and > 50 for men. For men, an OHS difference more than 5 was only seen with BMI ≥ 45 in favor of the LA.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that no single THA approach is superior to another but rather that certain patient cohorts may benefit more from specific approaches. We suggest that women who have a BMI ≤ 25 should consider undergoing an anterior approach for THA, while for women who have a BMI ≥ 42, a lateral approach or for a BMI ≥ 46, a posterior approach is advised.

Keywords: BMI; PROMs; gender; patient-reported outcome measures; surgical approach; total hip arthroplasty.