Potent targeted activator of cell kill molecules eliminate cells expressing HIV-1

Sci Transl Med. 2023 Feb 22;15(684):eabn2038. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn2038. Epub 2023 Feb 22.

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy inhibits HIV-1 replication but is not curative due to establishment of a persistent reservoir after virus integration into the host genome. Reservoir reduction is therefore an important HIV-1 cure strategy. Some HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors induce HIV-1 selective cytotoxicity in vitro but require concentrations far exceeding approved dosages. Focusing on this secondary activity, we found bifunctional compounds with HIV-1-infected cell kill potency at clinically achievable concentrations. These targeted activator of cell kill (TACK) molecules bind the reverse transcriptase-p66 domain of monomeric Gag-Pol and act as allosteric modulators to accelerate dimerization, resulting in HIV-1+ cell death through premature intracellular viral protease activation. TACK molecules retain potent antiviral activity and selectively eliminate infected CD4+ T cells isolated from people living with HIV-1, supporting an immune-independent clearance strategy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • Apoptosis
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
  • Cell Death
  • HIV Infections* / drug therapy
  • HIV-1*
  • Humans
  • Virus Replication

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents