Aims: The growing need to access recycled water as a source for drinking water supply necessitates management of perceived risks. This study aimed to use quantitative microbial risk analysis (QMRA) to evaluate microbiological risks of indirect water recycling.
Methods and results: Scenario analyses of risk probabilities of pathogen infection were conducted to investigate four key quantitative microbial risk assessment model assumptions: treatment process failure, drinking water consumption events per day, inclusion or exclusion of an engineered storage buffer, and treatment process redundancy. Results demonstrated that the proposed water recycling scheme could meet WHO pathogen risk guidelines of ∼10-3 annual risk of infection under 18 simulated scenarios.
Keywords: QMRA; microbial contaminants; pathogens; potable reuse; risk assessment; stochastic modeling; water recycling.
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Applied Microbiology International.