SLC3A2 promotes tumor-associated macrophage polarization through metabolic reprogramming in lung cancer

Abstract

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment and possess crucial functions in facilitating tumor progression. Emerging evidence indicates that altered metabolic properties in cancer cells support the tumorigenic functions of TAMs. However, the mechanisms and mediators the underly the cross-talk between cancer cells and TAMs remain largely unknown. In the present study, we revealed that high solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) expression in lung cancer patients was associated with TAMs and poor prognosis. Knockdown of SLC3A2 in lung adenocarcinoma cells impaired M2 polarization of macrophages in a coculture system. Using metabolome analysis, we identified that SLC3A2 knockdown altered the metabolism of lung cancer cells and changed multiple metabolites, including arachidonic acid, in the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, we showed that arachidonic acid was responsible for SLC3A2-mediated macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment to differentiate into M2 type both in vitro and in vivo. Our data illustrate previously undescribed mechanisms responsible for TAM polarization and suggest that SLC3A2 acts as a metabolic switch on lung adenocarcinoma cells to induce macrophage phenotypic reprogramming through arachidonic acid.

Keywords: SLC3A2; arachidonic acid; lung adenocarcinoma; macrophage polarization; tumor-associated macrophage.