Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is crucial for learning, memory, and emotion. Deficits of AHN may lead to reduced cognitive abilities and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Extensive studies on rodent AHN have clarified the developmental and maturation processes of adult neural stem/progenitor cells. However, to what extent these findings apply to primates remains controversial. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled in-depth investigation of the transcriptome of AHN-related populations at single-cell resolution. Here, we summarize studies of AHN in primates. Results suggest that neurogenesis is largely shared across species, but substantial differences also exist. Marker gene expression patterns in primates differ from those of rodents. Compared with rodents, the primate hippocampus has a higher proportion of immature dentate granule cells and a longer maturation period of newly generated granule cells. Future research on species divergence may deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis in primates.
成年海马体神经发生过程对学习行为、记忆产生和情绪调节至关重要。成年海马体神经发生障碍可能导致认知能力下降和严重的神经退行性疾病，比如阿尔兹海默症等。目前大多数研究成年海马体神经发生过程都是基于啮齿动物模型，关于灵长类动物是否存在成年海马体神经发生现象仍存在争议。最近测序技术的发展使得可以在单细胞转录组水平深入研究成年海马体神经发生机制。该文综述了灵长类动物成年海马体神经发生的研究进展，研究结果显示不同物种间神经发生过程大体一致，但也存在重要差异之处。与啮齿类动物相比，灵长类动物海马体中未成熟齿状回颗粒细胞的比例更高，新生颗粒细胞的成熟周期更长。对于不同物种间神经发生的共同性和差异性研究，对进一步全面系统研究灵长类动物的成年神经发生机制有重要意义。.
Keywords: Immature granule cells; Neural precursor cells; Sc-RNA-seq.