Oral self-care among dependent older New Zealanders

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of the study was to describe the occurrence and associations of oral self-care by dependent older New Zealanders.

Background: Dependent older adults who require some level of assisted daily care have been shown to have poorer oral health than their independent counterparts, yet national estimates are lacking.

Materials and methods: A secondary analysis was conducted of data from New Zealand's 2012 Older People's Oral Health Survey, a national survey that interviewed and examined a representative sample of 2,218 dependent older adults living in aged residential care or receiving home-based care. Survey data were weighted for statistical analyses, and modelling was carried out using a modified Poisson approach.

Results: Overall, 59.5% (95% CI: 55.1, 63.7) of participants brushed their teeth twice a day, with this rate higher among women, Asians and those without cognitive or physical impairment. Cleaning interdentally at least once a week was less common than brushing, at 25.9% (95% CI: 21.5, 30.9), and that proportion was significantly lower among those with higher dependency or who were cognitively or physically impaired. Almost 9 in 10 (87.8%; 95% CI 83.1, 91.4) used fluoride toothpaste, and adults of high socio-economic status had lower rates of fluoride toothpaste use. Only 15.0% (95% CI 12.4, 18.0) used mouthwash, with this being most prevalent in Pasifika. More than half of those who wore dentures also wore them at night.

Conclusion: Oral self-care was sub-optimal among dependent older New Zealanders. Improving the situation should be a high priority.

Keywords: dependent older people; national survey; oral health; oral self-care; secondary analysis.