Influence of resin modified glass ionomer cement incorporating protein-repellent and antimicrobial agents on supragingival microbiome around brackets: an in-vivo split-mouth 3-month study

PeerJ. 2023 Feb 6:11:e14820. doi: 10.7717/peerj.14820. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Objective: To explore the influence of resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) adhesives containing protein-repellent and quaternary ammonium salt agents on supragingival microbiome, enamel and gingival health around brackets.

Materials and methods: Ten patients (21.4 ± 3.5 years) about to receive fixed orthodontics were enrolled in this study. Unilateral upper teeth bonded with RMGIC incorporating 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and Dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) were regarded as experimental group (RMD), while contralateral upper teeth bonded with RMGIC were control group (RMGIC), using a split-mouth design. Supragingival plaque was collected from both groups before treatment (T0), and at 1 month (T1) and 3 months (T2) of treatment. High-throughput sequencing was performed targeting v3-v4 of 16S rRNA gene. Streptococcus mutans and Fusobacterium nucleatum quantification was done by qPCR analysis. Bracket failures, enamel decalcification index (EDI), DIAGNODent scores (Dd), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were monitored at indicated time points.

Results: Within 3 months, alpha and beta diversity of supragingival plaque had no difference between RMGIC and RMD groups. From T0 to T2, the relative abundance of Streptococcus depleted in RMD but remained steady in RMGIC group. Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium became depleted in RMD, Haemophilus and Capnocytophaga became depleted in RMGIC group but Prevotella enriched. Quantification of Fusbacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus mutans showed significant difference between RMGIC and RMD groups at T2. Teeth bonded with RMD had significant lower plaque index (PI) and DIAGNODent (Dd) score at T2, compared with teeth bonded with RMGIC (p < 0.05). No difference in bracket failure rate was examined between both groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: By incorporating MPC and DMAHDM into RMGIC, the material could affect the supragingival microbial composition, inhibit the progress of plaque accumulation as well as the key pathogens S. mutans and F. nucleatum in the early stage of orthodontic treatment.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Enamel demineralization; Oral microbiome; Orthodontic adhesive; Protein repellent.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aluminum Silicates
  • Anti-Infective Agents*
  • Glass Ionomer Cements* / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Mouth
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
  • Resins, Plant

Substances

  • dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate
  • Glass Ionomer Cements
  • Aluminum Silicates
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
  • Resins, Plant
  • Anti-Infective Agents

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research CFH 2020-4-2144 (YM), the Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC 82001078 (YM), and the Innovation Research Team Project of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. CXTD202203. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.