Objective: To investigate the effect of laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy on anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level, ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation and pregnancy rate for in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients with benign ovarian cysts. Methods: Patients with benign ovarian cysts who were admitted for cystectomy and had undergone IVF treatment were enrolled in the study. There were 373 participants with ovarian cysts underwent laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy in the experimental group. According to duration of post-surgery, there were four sub-groups: 1 year post-surgery (1Y POST), 2 years post-surgery (2Y POST), 4 years post-surgery (4Y POST) and ≥5 years post-surgery (≥5Y POST) in the experimental group. According to histopathologic types of ovarian cysts, there were two sub-groups: ovarian endometriotic cysts and ovarian non-endometriotic cysts. Two hundreds and three patients with no history of ovarian cysts and ovarian surgery were in the control group. The level of AMH and basic concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2) were measured. Antral follicle counts (AFC) were calculated. There were other study variables: total dose of gonadotropins, duration of ovarian stimulation, the number of oocyte retrieved, the number of embryo obtained, blastocyst transfer rate and pregnancy rate. Results: The control group was matched as closely as possible to the experimental group, including age, body mass index and menstrual cycle (all P>0.05). Compared to the women in control group, the women in ovarian endometriotic cystectomy sub-group had significantly higher levels of basal FSH and basal P, lower level of AMH (all P<0.05); the women in ovarian endometriotic cysts sub-group had significantly higher dose of gonadotropins (all P<0.05); the women in ovarian endometriotic cysts ≥5Y POST sub-group had significantly lower number of oocyte retrieved, lower number of embryo obtained, lower blastocyst transfer rate, and lower pregnancy rate (all P<0.05). Compared to the women in control group, the women in ovarian non-endometriotic cysts sub-group had a significantly higher level of basal FSH and basal P (all P<0.05). The women in ovarian non-endometriotic cysts sub-group had lower level of AMH, higher dose of gonadotropins, lower number of oocyte retrieved, lower number of embryo obtained, lower rate of blastocyst transfer and lower rate of pregnancy than the control group but there were no statistically significant differences among them (all P>0.05). The women with unilateral ovarian endometriotic cysts had significantly lower number of oocyte retrieved on the side of surgery than another side (P<0.05). Conclusions: In short term laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy has no significant effect on ovarian reserve. But with long-term follow-up ovarian reserve, ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation and pregnancy rate are decreased. The effect of laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy in benign cysts on ovarian is associated with whether or not it is the surgical side.
目的： 探究卵巢囊肿剥除术对卵巢储备功能及体外受精（IVF）治疗的影响。 方法： 收集2016年1月至2019年12月于河南省人民医院生殖医学中心因输卵管因素或男方因素不孕进行IVF治疗，且既往有腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术史的373例患者作为观察组，按照卵巢囊肿剥除术后的不同时间将观察组分为4个亚组，即术后1年组、术后2年组、术后4年组和术后≥5年组；进一步按照卵巢囊肿的病理类型将观察组各亚组分为子宫内膜异位囊肿组和非子宫内膜异位囊肿组。收集同期因输卵管因素或男方因素不孕进行IVF治疗，且既往无卵巢囊肿剥除术史的203例患者作为对照组。对两组及亚组患者的血清生殖激素水平包括卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）、雌二醇、孕酮，抗苗勒管激素（AMH）水平、基础窦卵泡数（AFC），及IVF治疗时用药情况、获卵情况、获得胚胎情况及临床妊娠率进行比较。 结果： （1）观察组患者的年龄、体重指数、月经周期分别与对照组分别比较，差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。（2）观察组及其亚组患者的血清FSH和孕酮水平均显著高于对照组（P均<0.05）。观察组内术后1年、术后2年、术后4年和术后≥5年的子宫内膜异位囊肿组患者的血清AMH水平均显著低于对照组（P均<0.05），其IVF治疗时的促性腺激素使用总量均显著高于对照组（P均<0.05）；观察组中术后≥5年的子宫内膜异位囊肿组患者的获卵总数、可用胚胎数、囊胚形成率和临床妊娠率均显著低于对照组（P均<0.05）。（3）单侧卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后，仅术后1年组手术侧的基础AFC显著低于非手术侧（P<0.05）；而术后1年组、术后2年组、术后4年组、术后≥5年组手术侧的获卵总数均显著低于非手术侧（P均<0.05）。 结论： 卵巢囊肿剥除术后短时间内对卵巢的影响小，但是随着时间的延长，卵巢储备功能、IVF治疗后的卵巢反应性和临床妊娠率均下降，且卵巢囊肿剥除术对卵巢储备功能的影响与是否为手术侧相关。.