How does experimentally induced pain affect creative ideation and underlying attention-related psychophysiological mechanisms?

Abstract

While the adverse effect of chronic pain on attention and more complex cognitive abilities is well documented, the findings for experimentally induced pain are inconsistent. These inconsistencies could be attributable to sufficient attentional resources and/or compensatory mechanisms in individuals experiencing experimentally induced pain that are not observable at the behavioral level but could be revealed by psychophysiological measures such as the electroencephalography (EEG). With the current study, we aimed to investigate whether experimentally induced pain affects creative ideation in an adaptation of the Alternate Uses Task (AUT). Performance in the AUT was compared between 39 females in a pain group and 37 females in a pain-free group. While solving the task, EEG was recorded to measure the degree of internally directed attention assessed by means of task-related power (TRP) changes in the upper alpha-frequency band. The results revealed that the pain group and the pain-free group did not differ in AUT performance at the behavioral level. However, TRP increases in the upper alpha band at right (vs. left) temporal, parietal, and occipital electrode sites were significantly more pronounced in the pain group compared to the pain-free group. These results indicate that individuals in the pain group allocated more attention to internal mental processes during creative ideation than individuals in the pain-free group. The necessary inhibition of pain might have caused this additional activation so that the pain group performed similarly well on the behavioral level as the pain-free group.

Keywords: Alternate uses task; Creative ideation; Experimentally induced pain; Internal attention; Task-related power changes.