The use of fluorides is essential in the prevention of dental caries, considered to be the main dental public health problem. The formulation and implementation of public health policies can vary from country to country, depending on multiple factors. This study aims to analyze the interaction model between the knowledge produced about the use of fluorides and its implementation through public policies in two South American countries until the period of constitutional reform in each country. A narrative review was conducted with a systematic search of scientific articles and normative devices regarding the use of fluorides in public health in each country during the period prior to the implementation of the right to health in the Constitution. In both countries, there was an intense interaction among governmental organizations, researchers, academic and professional leaders, and companies involved in sanitation and salt production. Fluoride use strategies in Brazil and Colombia after an initial stage of similar characteristics began to differ in terms of public policy options for systemic fluoride use. In Brazil, the option was to adjust the concentration of fluoride in the water, while in Colombia, the addition of fluoride to table salt was consolidated as a public policy.
Keywords: dental caries; dental public health; fluorides; prevention; public policy.