The velocity loss method is often used in velocity-based training (VBT) to dynamically regulate training loads. However, the effects of velocity loss on maximum strength development and training efficiency are still unclear. Therefore, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis aiming to fill this research gap. A systematic literature search was performed to identify studies on VBT with the velocity loss method via PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane. Controlled trials that compared the effects of different velocity losses on maximum strength were considered. One-repetition maximum (1RM) gain and 1RM gain per repetition were the selected outcomes to indicate the maximum strength development and its training efficiency. Eventually, nine studies with a total of 336 trained males (training experience/history ≥ 1 year) were included for analysis. We found a non-linear dose-response relationship (reverse U-shaped) between velocity loss and 1RM gain (pdose-response relationship < 0.05, pnon-linear relationship < 0.05). Additionally, a negative linear dose-response relationship was observed between velocity loss and 1RM gain per repetition (pdose-response relationship < 0.05, pnon-linear relationship = 0.23). Based on our findings, a velocity loss between 20 and 30% may be beneficial for maximum strength development, and a lower velocity loss may be more efficient for developing and maintaining maximum strength. Future research is warranted to focus on female athletes and the interaction of other parameters.
Keywords: maximum strength; one–repetition maximum; resistance training; training efficiency; velocity–based training.