Keywords: Leguminosae; Microlobius; Naiadendron; Non-monophyly is a prominent issue in mimosoid legumes; Parapiptadenia; Phylogeny; Piptadenia group; Pityrocarpa; Pseudopiptadenia; and fruit types (legume; even in some of the less speciose genera such as the neotropical genus Stryphnodendron. This genus includes 35 species occurring from Nicaragua to Southern Brazil mostly in humid forests and savannas. Previous taxonomic studies of Stryphnodendron have highlighted morphologically distinct groups within the genus; including the proposal of a lectotype for the single species in the genus. Gwilymia; inflorescences (a simple or compound thyrse); nucoid legume or follicle). Recent phylogenetic analyses have confirmed the non-monophyly of Stryphnodendron; recognized by differences on leaves (number of pinnae and size of leaflets); supporting the recognition of three independent and morphologically well-delimited genera. Here we re-circumscribe Stryphnodendron and propose the two new genera Gwilymia and Naiadendron. In addition; we also provide an updated taxonomic account of the closely related genus Microlobius.