Pseudospermaarenarium (Inocybaceae), a new poisonous species from Eurasia, based on morphological, ecological, molecular and biochemical evidence

Ya-Ya Yan; Yi-Zhe Zhang; Jukka Vauras; Li-Na Zhao; Yu-Guang Fan; Hai-Jiao Li; Fei Xu

doi:10.3897/mycokeys.92.86277

Pseudospermaarenarium (Inocybaceae), a new poisonous species from Eurasia, based on morphological, ecological, molecular and biochemical evidence

MycoKeys. 2022 Aug 30:92:79-93. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.92.86277. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Ya-Ya Yan¹, Yi-Zhe Zhang², Jukka Vauras³, Li-Na Zhao⁴, Yu-Guang Fan⁴, Hai-Jiao Li², Fei Xu^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Diseases Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan China.
² National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China.
³ Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for R & D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 571199, China University of Turku Turku Finland.
⁴ Biological Collections of Åbo Akademi University, Herbarium, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland Hainan Medical University Hainan China.
⁵ Physical and Chemical Department, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China Physical and Chemical Department, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention Yinchuan China.

Abstract

In this study, Pseudospermaarenarium is proposed as a new species, based on morphological, ecological, molecular and biochemical evidence. The new species grows on sandy ground under Populus and Pinussylvestris in north-western China and northern Europe, respectively. It is characterised by the combination of the robust habit, nearly glabrous pileus, large cylindrical basidiospores, thin-walled cheilocystidia and ecological associations with Populusalba × P.berolinensis and Pinussylvestris and unique phylogenetic placement. Additionally, a comprehensive toxin determination of the new species using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was conducted. Results showed that it was a muscarine-positive species. The content were approximately five times higher in the pilei [4012.2 ± 803.1-4302.3 ± 863.2 mg/kg (k = 2, p = 95%)] than in the stipes [850.4 ± 171.1-929.1 ± 184.2 mg/kg (k = 2, p = 95%)], demonstrating the severity of mushroom poisoning when patients consumed different parts of the poisonous mushroom. Amatoxins, phallotoxins, ibotenic acid, muscimol, psilocybin and psilocin were not detected.

Keywords: Agaricales; muscarine; mushroom toxin; new taxon; poisonous mushroom; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Ya-Ya Yan, Yi-Zhe Zhang, Jukka Vauras, Li-Na Zhao, Yu-Guang Fan, Hai-Jiao Li, Fei Xu.