Associations between Socioeconomic Factors and Visit Adherence among Patients with Glaucoma in the All of Us Research Program

Kaela Acuff; Arash Delavar; Bharanidharan Radha Saseendrakumar; Jo-Hsuan Wu; Robert N Weinreb; Sally L Baxter

doi:10.1016/j.ogla.2023.01.008

Associations between Socioeconomic Factors and Visit Adherence among Patients with Glaucoma in the All of Us Research Program

Ophthalmol Glaucoma. 2023 Jul-Aug;6(4):405-412. doi: 10.1016/j.ogla.2023.01.008. Epub 2023 Feb 4.

Authors

Kaela Acuff¹, Arash Delavar¹, Bharanidharan Radha Saseendrakumar¹, Jo-Hsuan Wu¹, Robert N Weinreb², Sally L Baxter³

Affiliations

¹ Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Health Sciences Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
² Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
³ Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Health Sciences Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California. Electronic address: S1baxter@health.ucsd.edu.

PMID: 36746242
PMCID: PMC10400726 (available on 2024-07-01)
DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2023.01.008

Abstract

Purpose: To identify socioeconomic factors associated with visit adherence among patients with glaucoma in a nationwide cohort.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Subjects: All subjects were participants in the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program. This study cohort consists of participants who were diagnosed with glaucoma and who answered the question on the Health Care Access and Utilization Survey regarding whether they have seen an eye care provider in the last 12 months.

Methods: Descriptive analyses were conducted based on participant age, gender, race/ethnicity, insurance status, level of education, and income bracket. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for these factors was used to generate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between socioeconomic factors and visit adherence.

Main outcome measure: Visit adherence, defined as reporting seeing an eye care provider in the last 12 months.

Results: Among 4517 patients with glaucoma, 730 (16.3%) indicated that they had not seen or spoken to an eye doctor in the last 12 months. In multivariable models, those with some college education (OR: 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-3.04) and those with a college degree or advanced degree (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.39-3.60) and those with the highest annual income of ≥ $200 000 (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.10-2.45) were more likely to have seen an eye doctor in the past year compared with those in the lowest education and income categories, respectively.

Conclusion: Lower income and education levels were significantly associated with lower odds of seeing an eye doctor in the past year among all patients with glaucoma in All of Us. This highlights an important health disparity and may inform subsequent interventions to promote improved adherence to clinical guidelines regarding eye care for glaucoma monitoring and management.

Financial disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Keywords: Glaucoma; Health disparities; Social determinants; Socioeconomic factors; Visit adherence.

MeSH terms

Cross-Sectional Studies
Glaucoma* / epidemiology
Humans
Income
Population Health*
Socioeconomic Factors

Abstract

MeSH terms

Grants and funding