Biomarkers: Promising and valuable tools towards diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of Covid-19 and other diseases

Ali Bodaghi; Nadia Fattahi; Ali Ramazani

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13323

Biomarkers: Promising and valuable tools towards diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of Covid-19 and other diseases

Heliyon. 2023 Feb;9(2):e13323. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13323. Epub 2023 Jan 30.

Authors

Ali Bodaghi¹, Nadia Fattahi^{2

3}, Ali Ramazani^{2

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Tuyserkan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tuyserkan, Iran.
² Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran.
³ Trita Nanomedicine Research and Technology Development Center (TNRTC), Zanjan Health Technology Park, 45156-13191, Zanjan, Iran.
⁴ Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran.

Abstract

The use of biomarkers as early warning systems in the evaluation of disease risk has increased markedly in the last decade. Biomarkers are indicators of typical biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological reactions to therapy. The application and identification of biomarkers in the medical and clinical fields have an enormous impact on society. In this review, we discuss the history, various definitions, classifications, characteristics, and discovery of biomarkers. Furthermore, the potential application of biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various diseases over the last decade are reviewed. The present review aims to inspire readers to explore new avenues in biomarker research and development.

Keywords: Biomarker; Cancer; Covid-19; Diagnosis; Diseases; Imaging; Treatment.

Publication types

Review