Degradation of 2,4-diclorophenol via coupling zero valent iron and hydrodynamic cavitation for sulfite activation: A turbulence modeling

Nastaran Azizollahi; Ali Fatehizadeh; Hamidreza Pourzamani; Ensiyeh Taheri; Tejraj M Aminabhavi

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117295

Degradation of 2,4-diclorophenol via coupling zero valent iron and hydrodynamic cavitation for sulfite activation: A turbulence modeling

J Environ Manage. 2023 Apr 15:332:117295. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117295. Epub 2023 Feb 2.

Authors

Nastaran Azizollahi¹, Ali Fatehizadeh², Hamidreza Pourzamani², Ensiyeh Taheri³, Tejraj M Aminabhavi⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
² Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
³ Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: e_taheri@hlth.mui.ac.ir.
⁴ School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, India; Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, India; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248 007, India; Center for Energy and Environment,School of Advanced Sciences,KLE Technological University,Hubballi 580031 India. Electronic address: aminabhavit@gmail.com.

PMID: 36738716
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117295

Abstract

The 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is an important chemical precursor that can affect human endocrine system and induce pathological symptoms. This research reports the degradation of 2,4-DCP using lab-scale hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) approach, which is considered a green and effective method. To promote the degradation efficiency, the zero-valent iron (Fe⁰) as the catalyst for sulfate radical (SO₄^•-) generation via activation of sulfite (SO₃^2-) salts was simultaneously used. Degradation efficiency was favorable in acidic pH than the alkaline pH due to higher production of active radicals and was dependent on the dose of Fe⁰ and SO₃^2-. Under optimal condition, degradation efficiency by Fe⁰/HC/sulfite (96.67 ± 2.90%) was considerably enhanced compared to HC alone (45.37 ± 2.26%). Quenching experiments suggested that SO₄^•-, ^•OH, ¹O₂, and O₂^•- radicals were involved in the degradation of 2,4-DCP by Fe⁰/HC/sulfite process, but the dominant role was related to ^•OH (70.09% contribution) and SO₄^•- (29.91% contribution) radicals. From the turbulence model, turbulent pressure at venturi throat decreased from -0.42 MPa to -2.02 MPa by increasing the inlet pressure from 1.0 to 4.0 bar and increase in pressure gradient has intensified bubble collapse due to higher turbulence tension.

Keywords: 2,4-Diclorophenol; Advanced oxidation; Hydrodynamic cavitation; Sulfate radicals; Turbulence modeling; Zero-valent iron.

MeSH terms

Catalysis
Humans
Hydrodynamics
Iron*
Oxidation-Reduction
Sulfites
Water Pollutants, Chemical*

Substances

Iron
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Sulfites